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Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, Vol. 23, No. 1, 33-51 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0885066607310240

Fetal Surgery

Shaun M. Kunisaki, MD, MSc

Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, skunisaki{at}partners.org

Russell W. Jennings, MD

Advanced Fetal Care Center, Children's Hospital Boston, and Harvard Medical School

Fetal surgery has emerged from the realm of medical curiosity into an exciting, multidisciplinary specialty now capable of improving patient outcomes for a wide variety of diseases. Recent advances allow prenatal providers to both accurately diagnose and treat many fetal anomalies while maintaining maternal safety. As the initial postnatal health care providers to the majority of these newborns, neonatologists need to be familiar with some of the more recent state-of-the-art procedures currently being used. In this review, the authors discuss the prenatal evaluation process and various operative approaches (ie, open hysterotomy, fetoscopy, and percutaneous) to conduct fetal surgery. They then analyze the effectiveness of some of the more established and experimental prenatal therapies that are being performed for a number of fetal anomalies, including twin—twin transfusion syndrome, thoracic malformations, airway obstruction, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, myelomeningocele, and aortic valve stenosis.

Key Words: fetus • fetal surgery • prenatal intervention • ex utero intrapartum treatment • aortic valve stenosis


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